Optical Satellite Volcano Monitoring: A Multi-Sensor Rapid Response System

The use of satellite remote sensing to monitor active geological processes is described. Specifically, threats posed by volcanic eruptions are briefly outlined, and essential monitoring requirements are discussed. As an application example, a collaborative, multi-agency operational volcano monitoring system in the north Pacific is highlighted with a focus on the 2007 eruption of Kliuchevskoi volcano, Russia. The data from this system have been user since 2004 to detect the onset of volcanic activity, support the emergency response to large eruptions, and asses the volcanic products produced following the eruption. The overall utility of such integrative assessments is also summarized.